Wired Communication

RS232 is one of the oldest and most well-known serial communication standards. It was widely used for communication between computers, modems, industrial equipment and embedded systems long before modern interfaces like USB became common. Even today, RS232 is still used in industrial equipment, laboratory instruments, POS systems, serial consoles and legacy devices where simple point-to-point […]

I2C is one of the most common communication buses used in microcontroller projects. It is especially popular for sensors, displays, real-time clocks, I/O expanders, ADCs, DACs and other low-speed peripheral devices. The main advantage of I2C is simple wiring. Many devices can share the same two signal lines, which makes I2C very useful for compact

SPI is one of the most important communication interfaces in embedded electronics. It is commonly used when a microcontroller needs to exchange data quickly with displays, memory chips, ADCs, DACs, radio modules and other high-speed peripherals. Compared with I2C, SPI usually requires more wires, but it can be much faster and simpler at the electrical